Main Page

2012-02-04T02:24:16Z

Mdawson:

Behavior

2012-02-03T06:06:13Z

Mdawson: /* Migration by Mastigias */

Animals as simple as the jellyfish are rarely credited with complex behaviors. Scyphozoans are generally termed 'plankton' from the Greek for 'drifting' for good reason. But some plankton have evolved spectacular behaviors that help them to survive.

 

== Migration by ''Mastigias'' ==

[[Image:MastigiasUW.jpg|thumb|right|Mastigias medusae avoid shaded water]]

If you were to snorkel in "Jellyfish Lake" (Ongeim'l Tketau, OTM), Palau, just before dawn, you would find millions of ''Mastigias'' medusae milling around the western half of the lake. The gentle, rhythmic, pulsing of their bells would be more likely send you back to sleep than to remind you of jet propulsion, which is the mechanism by which they move. They swim in all directions, change their heading often, and have no particular destination. All this changes at dawn (6 am, never much less and never much more) when, with the sky brightening in the east, the jellyfish turn and swim diligently toward the rising sun. For an hour or more they swim, never faltering, rarely turning, with incessant contractions of their bell, until they approach the eastern end of the lake. Here, although still stimulated to swim eastward by the rising sun, they are stopped, not by the edge of the lake, but by the shadows cast by overhanging trees which they meticulously avoid. The medusae become trapped between swimming east toward the sun and swimming west away from the shade. The millions of jellyfish that were once in the west are now packed densely around the illuminated eastern rim of the lake, with nowhere else to go. 

Nowhere else to go, that is, until the afternoon. As the day progresses, the sun passes directly overhead and then gradually begins to descend in the west, releasing the medusae from their quandary. As the sun begins to track westward, all the jellyfish accumulated in the east begin to follow the sun back across the lake, returning to where they originated in the morning. The jellyfish swim west until they encounter the shadow lines cast along the western edge of the lake as the sun descends in the west. They accumulate in the west, as they did in the east, swimming around, continually avoiding the shadows, staying in the sunlight and avoiding the shore. By 3 or 4 p.m., the eastern basin which became densely packed [[Image:Mastigias1.jpg|thumb|left|Mastigias medusae aggregate against the shadow-line cast by overhanging trees]]with jellyfish between 9 a.m. and 12 is again almost devoid of jellyfish as they have all returned to the western end of the lake. As the sun sets (very rapidly in the tropics), the shadows quickly move across the lake and the jellyfish can no longer remain in the sunlight. Now in the shadows, and lacking any directional light by which to orient their swimming in a horizontal direction, the animals begin to swim vertically, up and down in the water column, remaining more or less in the same position with respect to the shore (thus, this behavior keeps them away from the shore during the night). At this time, they may swim downward and encounter the nutrient rich boundary between the anoxic depths and the oxic upper layers where their algal symbionts absorb lots of nutrients. However, they are always moving - swimming up and down. When the sun rises the next day (but before it actually illuminates the lake's surface), the jellyfish accumulate at the surface in response to the increasing light. Here, once again, they mill around until the first rays of sun entice them to the east. 

In summary, the jellyfish complete one round-trip migration from west to east and then back to the west every day between sunrise and sunset. At no point do they ever stop swimming - during the day or night. During the day, their swimming is either strongly directional as they migrate—eastward (in the morning) or westward (in the afternoon)—or haphazard as they mill about waiting for the sun or avoiding shadows. At night, they also swim continually, but vertically rather than horizontally as during the day. The migr[[Image:DVM.jpg|thumb|right|Bar Graph]]ation is the summed result of each individual animal responding to the light cues in the same way.

 

''[[Image:DHM.jpg|thumb|left|Bubble plot]]Left:'' Bubble plot showing changes in the density of ''Mastigias'' across the lake as each day progresses. Early in the morning (0700 hrs) Mastigias are found mostly in the western half of the lake, but they rapidly move to the east. During the afternoon, they return to the west, where they remain overnight. The rose diagrams down the side show the directions in which the jellyfish are swimming at those times.

''Right:'' Bar graph showing the vertical distribution of ''Mastigias''. The medusae are shallower during the day (light bars) and deeper during night (dark bars).

 '''Why do the jellyfish migrate?'''

''Mastigias'' medusae get much of their energy from photosynthetic organisms - zooxanthellae - that live inside their cells. Consequently, it would make sense for the jellyfish to migrate so that they maximise the time they spend in the sun and, therefore, the energy they get from the zooxanthellae. However, the direction the ''Mastigias'' migrate in OTM does not maximize the time they spend in the sun. To achieve this, they should migrate from west to east, rather than from west to east and back to west. ''Mastigias'' in some other lakes do migrate from west to east and maximize their illumination. In these lakes, the migratory pattern is also much more diffuse, suggesting that the jellyfish don't respond as consistently to cues (light or shade) as they do in OTM. [[Image:Emedusivora1 copy.jpg|thumb|right]]

So, why do the jellyfish in OTM migrate the way they do? Probably it is because OTM, unlike the other lakes, is inhabited by a large population of an important predator of the jellyfish - the anemone ''Entacmaea medusivora''. In OTM, the direction in which the jellyfish migrate ensures that the edge of the lake, where the anemones lie in wait, will always be in shadow when the jellyfish arrive. The presence of this false edge, and the jellyfishes' response to it, minimizes their contact with the real edge inhabited by their predators. Those who don't respond, get eaten and don't reproduce. Thus, in this lake conflicting selection pressures have shaped their behavior - the need to sun their algae versus the need to avoid predators. In the end, it turns out that the medusae can miss a bit of dinner, but not be dinner, and survive. 

Prepared by ''M. N Dawson & L.E. Martin'' 

[[Category:Behavior| ]]

Identify a jellyfish

2012-02-03T05:40:46Z

Mdawson: /* How to Identify a Jellyfish */

== '''How to Identify a Jellyfish''' ==

'''''Step 1.''' Learn what makes jellyfish different species.''

Like any other species, jellyfish can be distinguished by the way their phenotype (i.e. [[Anatomy]], [[Behavior]], morphology, physiology), by the places that they live (their [[Biogeography]]), and by their DNA. Although combining information on phenotype, biogeography, and [[DNA]] provides the most robust identifications, all three options are not available to most people most of the time; for example, specialist facilities are required for DNA sequencing. Fortunately, jellyfishes usually can be identified at least to genus, and often species, by their appearance in the field, i.e. by measuring a set of informative anatomical or morphological characters.

 '''''Step 2.''' Use the scyphozoan jellyfish identification key.''

A polychotomous key to identify scyphozoan jellyfishes is in development.

 '''''Step 3.''' Send your jellyfish to a specialist for confirmation.''

If you've found a jellyfish and would like to know what it is and about it's DNA (for free!), then send pictures and a sample to the address below! We will identify the animals to the best of our ability, as well as sequence molecular markers including "genetic barcodes" from the mitochondrial (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear (18S, 28S, and other markers in the future) genomes, then send the information to you. 

To send in your samples follow the steps below: 

#Photograph the jellyfish

*See http://www.jellieszone.com/photography.htm Jellies Zone for tips on jelly photography. 

#Preserve the DNA

*See descriptions under "Preservation of DNA" on the [[methods]] page for more detailed information. 

#Preserve the remainder of the specimen for morphological analysis (optional, but highly preferred)

*See descriptions under "Preservation of Medusae" on the [[methods]] page for more detailed information. 

#Provide information about the collection

When sending samples, please include the following information for each specimen:

'''Geographic location'''

'''Depth'''

'''Date''' (of collection) 

'''Collector''' (e.g. your name)

'''Photograph'''

'''Whole jellyfish preserved?''' (yes/no; where) 

=== Conditions ===

While we will endeavor to provide sequence data to you in a timely manner, turnaround will depend upon resources at the time. We expect that samples will be processed in less than one month in only exceptional circumstances. A more realistic expectation is 2-6 months, but sometimes longer as laboratory facilities may change from time to time. As resources are established and subsequently increased we hope to provide a more efficient service. Depending on your needs, arrangements can be made on a case by case basis. Please contact us if you have any questions.

We will attempt to sequence all species submitted, but success cannot be guaranteed. Our ability to generate sequence data will depend on the quality of the sample and whether existing techniques work for that species. If techniques don't work initially, we will attempt to modify them appropriately, but this will take time and sometimes may not be successful if resources (e.g. samples, time) are limited. Also, due to financial restrictions, we will only be able to sequence one or two jellyfish per species per location or region. If you would like to know whether we will sequence your samples before you send them, please contact Michael Dawson at mdawson@ucmerced.edu. It may be possible to arrange a subset of analysis.

Submission of samples implicitly gives us the right to use the sequences, including, but not limited to, publication on this site and in the scientific literature. Our intention is to advance knowledge of the scyphozoans as broadly as possible. If this might conflict with your immediate interests, please do not hesitate to discuss the matter with us. We welcome the opportunity to collaborate with anyone interested in these animals and may forgo this condition in the interests of progress. All contributors to all studies will be acknowledged. 

=== Shipping ===

Please send all samples through airmail at room temperature to: 

 '''University of California, Merced ATTN: Dr. Michael Dawson Facilities Services Building A 5200 North Lake Road Merced, CA 95343 USA''' 

See [[Shipping information and details]] for more information. 

[[Category:Identification| ]]

Identify a jellyfish

2012-02-03T05:39:23Z

Mdawson: /* Shipping */

== '''How to Identify a Jellyfish''' ==

'''''Step 1.''' Learn what makes jellyfish different species.''

Like any other species, jellyfish can be distinguished by the way their phenotype (i.e. [[Anatomy]], [[Behavior]], morphology, physiology), by the places that they live (their [[Biogeography]]), and by their DNA. Although combining information on phenotype, biogeography, and [[DNA]] provides the most robust identifications, all three options are not available to most people most of [http://www.andrewflusche.com/services/stafford-dui-lawyer/Stafford DUI lawyer] the time; for example, specialist facilities are required for DNA sequencing. Fortunately, jellyfishes usually can be identified at least to genus, and often [http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone photography] species, by their appearance in the field, i.e. by measuring a set of informative anatomical or morphological [http://www.diamondlinks.net/link building] characters.

 '''''Step 2.''' Use the scyphozoan jellyfish identification key.''

A polychotomous key to identify scyphozoan jellyfishes is in development.

 '''''Step 3.''' Send your jellyfish to a specialist for confirmation.''

If you've found a jellyfish and would like to know what it is and about it's DNA (for free!), then send pictures and a sample [http://www.netlook.com.br/ roupas da moda] to the address below! We will identify the animals to the best of our ability, as well as sequence molecular markers including "genetic barcodes" from the mitochondrial (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear (18S, 28S, and [http://www.proposable.com proposal software] other markers in the future) genomes, then send the information to you. 

To send in your samples follow the steps below: 

#Photograph the jellyfish

*See http://www.jellieszone.com/photography.htm Jellies Zone for tips on jelly photography. 

#Preserve the DNA

*See descriptions under "Preservation of DNA" on the [[methods]] page for more detailed information. 

#Preserve the remainder of the specimen for morphological analysis (optional, but highly preferred)

*See descriptions under "Preservation of Medusae" on the [[methods]] page for more detailed information. 

#Provide information about the collection

When sending samples, please include the following information for each specimen:

'''Geographic location'''

'''Depth'''

'''Date''' (of collection) 

'''Collector''' (e.g. your name)

'''Photograph'''

'''Whole jellyfish preserved?''' (yes/no; where) 

=== Conditions ===

While we will endeavor to provide sequence data to you in a timely manner, turnaround will depend upon resources at the time. We expect that samples will be processed in less than one month in only exceptional circumstances. A more realistic expectation is 2-6 months, but sometimes longer as laboratory facilities may change from time to time. As resources are established and subsequently increased we hope to provide a more efficient service. Depending on your needs, arrangements can be made on a case by case basis. Please contact us if you have any questions.

We will attempt to sequence all species submitted, but success cannot be guaranteed. Our ability to generate sequence data will depend on the quality of the sample and whether existing techniques work for that species. If techniques don't work initially, we will attempt to modify them appropriately, but this will take time and sometimes may not be successful if resources (e.g. samples, time) are limited. Also, due to financial restrictions, we will only be able to sequence one or two jellyfish per species per location or region. If you would like to know whether we will sequence your samples before you send them, please contact Michael Dawson at mdawson@ucmerced.edu. It may be possible to arrange a subset of analysis.

Submission of samples implicitly gives us the right to use the sequences, including, but not limited to, publication on this site and in the scientific literature. Our intention is to advance knowledge of the scyphozoans as broadly as possible. If this might conflict with your immediate interests, please do not hesitate to discuss the matter with us. We welcome the opportunity to collaborate with anyone interested in these animals and may forgo this condition in the interests of progress. All contributors to all studies will be acknowledged. 

=== Shipping ===

Please send all samples through airmail at room temperature to: 

 '''University of California, Merced ATTN: Dr. Michael Dawson Facilities Services Building A 5200 North Lake Road Merced, CA 95343 USA''' 

See [[Shipping information and details]] for more information. 

[[Category:Identification| ]]

Identify a jellyfish

2012-02-03T05:38:17Z

Mdawson: /* Conditions */

== '''How to Identify a Jellyfish''' ==

'''''Step 1.''' Learn what makes jellyfish different species.''

Like any other species, jellyfish can be distinguished by the way their phenotype (i.e. [[Anatomy]], [[Behavior]], morphology, physiology), by the places that they live (their [[Biogeography]]), and by their DNA. Although combining information on phenotype, biogeography, and [[DNA]] provides the most robust identifications, all three options are not available to most people most of [http://www.andrewflusche.com/services/stafford-dui-lawyer/Stafford DUI lawyer] the time; for example, specialist facilities are required for DNA sequencing. Fortunately, jellyfishes usually can be identified at least to genus, and often [http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone photography] species, by their appearance in the field, i.e. by measuring a set of informative anatomical or morphological [http://www.diamondlinks.net/link building] characters.

 '''''Step 2.''' Use the scyphozoan jellyfish identification key.''

A polychotomous key to identify scyphozoan jellyfishes is in development.

 '''''Step 3.''' Send your jellyfish to a specialist for confirmation.''

If you've found a jellyfish and would like to know what it is and about it's DNA (for free!), then send pictures and a sample [http://www.netlook.com.br/ roupas da moda] to the address below! We will identify the animals to the best of our ability, as well as sequence molecular markers including "genetic barcodes" from the mitochondrial (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear (18S, 28S, and [http://www.proposable.com proposal software] other markers in the future) genomes, then send the information to you. 

To send in your samples follow the steps below: 

#Photograph the jellyfish

*See http://www.jellieszone.com/photography.htm Jellies Zone for tips on jelly photography. 

#Preserve the DNA

*See descriptions under "Preservation of DNA" on the [[methods]] page for more detailed information. 

#Preserve the remainder of the specimen for morphological analysis (optional, but highly preferred)

*See descriptions under "Preservation of Medusae" on the [[methods]] page for more detailed information. 

#Provide information about the collection

When sending samples, please include the following information for each specimen:

'''Geographic location'''

'''Depth'''

'''Date''' (of collection) 

'''Collector''' (e.g. your name)

'''Photograph'''

'''Whole jellyfish preserved?''' (yes/no; where) 

=== Conditions ===

While we will endeavor to provide sequence data to you in a timely manner, turnaround will depend upon resources at the time. We expect that samples will be processed in less than one month in only exceptional circumstances. A more realistic expectation is 2-6 months, but sometimes longer as laboratory facilities may change from time to time. As resources are established and subsequently increased we hope to provide a more efficient service. Depending on your needs, arrangements can be made on a case by case basis. Please contact us if you have any questions.

We will attempt to sequence all species submitted, but success cannot be guaranteed. Our ability to generate sequence data will depend on the quality of the sample and whether existing techniques work for that species. If techniques don't work initially, we will attempt to modify them appropriately, but this will take time and sometimes may not be successful if resources (e.g. samples, time) are limited. Also, due to financial restrictions, we will only be able to sequence one or two jellyfish per species per location or region. If you would like to know whether we will sequence your samples before you send them, please contact Michael Dawson at mdawson@ucmerced.edu. It may be possible to arrange a subset of analysis.

Submission of samples implicitly gives us the right to use the sequences, including, but not limited to, publication on this site and in the scientific literature. Our intention is to advance knowledge of the scyphozoans as broadly as possible. If this might conflict with your immediate interests, please do not hesitate to discuss the matter with us. We welcome the opportunity to collaborate with anyone interested in these animals and may forgo this condition in the interests of progress. All contributors to all studies will be acknowledged. 

=== Shipping ===

Please send all samples through airmail at room temperature to: 

 '''Dr. Michael Dawson School of Natural Sciences University of California at Merced 5200 North Lake Road Merced, CA 95340 USA''' 

See [[Shipping information and details]] for more information. 

[[Category:Identification| ]]

Main Page

2012-02-03T05:32:24Z

Mdawson:

Semaeostomeae

2011-10-26T16:13:37Z

Mdawson: /* Pelagiidae Gegenbaur 1856 */

*Order Semaeostomeae L. Agassiz 1862
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without a coronal furrow and without pedalia; with (or without) hollow marginal tentacles and with marginal rhopalia; with a single central mouth opening provided with four large curtain-like or gelatinous lips; with gonads in sac-like folds of the endodermal wall of the subumbrella. 

== Semaeostomeae Species ==

Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan & Cornelius (1999)

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA, Type = *

'''Key:'''

'''Family (5)'''

*Genus (19)
**Species (64) 

 

=== [[Cyaneidae]] L. Agassiz 1862 ===

*''Cyanea'' Péron & Lesueur 1810 
**''Cyanea annasethe'' (Haeckel 1880) - Tasmania (D,M), Victoria (D,M)
**''Cyanea annaskala'' von Lendenfeld 1884
**''Cyanea buitendijki'' Stiasny 1919
**''Cyanea capillata'' (Linné 1758) * - Alaska (D), Norway (D)
**''Cyanea citrea'' (Kishinouye 1910)
**''Cyanea ferruginea'' Eschscholtz 1829
**''Cyanea fulva'' L. Agassiz 1862
**''Cyanea lamarcki'' Péron & Lesueur 1810
**''Cyanea mjöbergi'' Stiasny 1921
**''Cyanea muellerianthe'' Haacke 1887
**''Cyanea nozakii'' Kishinouye 1891
**''Cyanea postelsi'' Brandt 1838
**''Cyanea purpurea'' Kishinouye 1910
**''Cyanea rosea'' Quoy & Gaimard 1824 - New South Wales(D,M)
*''Desmonema'' L. Agassiz 1862
**''Desmonema chierchianum'' Vanhöffen 1888
**''Desmonema comatum'' Larson 1986
**''Desmonema gaudichaudi'' (Lesson 1832) *
**''Desmonema glaciale'' Larson 1986
**''Desmonema scoresbyanna'' Gershwin & Zeidler 2008
 

=== [[Drymonematidae]] Haeckel 1880 ===

*''Drymonema'' Haeckel 1880
**''Drymonema dalmatinum'' Haeckel 1880 *
**''Drymonema gorgo'' F. Müller 1883
**''Drymonema larsoni'' Bayha & Dawson 2010
 

=== [[Pelagiidae]] Gegenbaur 1856 ===
*''Chrysaora'' Péron & Lesueur 1810
**''Chrysaora achlyos'' Martin, Gershwin, Burnett, Cargo & Bloom 1997
**''Chrysaora africana'' (Vanhöffen 1902)
**''Chrysaora blossevillei'' Lesson 1830
**''Chrysaora colorata'' (Russell 1964)
**''Chrysaora caliparea'' (Reynaud 1830) [species inquirenda - Morandini & Marques (2010)]
**''Chrysaora depressa'' (Kishinouye 1902)
**''Chrysaora fulgida'' (Reynaud 1830)
**''Chrysaora fuscescens'' Brandt 1835
**''Chrysaora helvola'' Brandt 1838
**''Chrysaora hysoscella'' (Linné 1766) *
**''Chrysaora kynthia'' Gershwin & Zeidler 2008 [nomen dubium - Morandini & Marques (2010)]
**''Chrysaora lactea'' Eschscholtz 1829
**''Chrysaora melanaster'' Brandt 1838
**''Chrysaora pacifica'' (Goette 1886)
**''Chrysaora pentastoma'' Péron & Lesueur 1810
**''Chrysaora plocamia (Lesson 1832)''
**''Chrysaora quinquecirrha'' (Desor 1848)
**''Chrysaora wurlerra'' Gershwin & Zeidler 2008 [nomen dubium - Morandini & Marques (2010)]
*''Pelagia'' Péron & Lesueur 1810
**''Pelagia noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775) *
*''Sanderia'' Goette 1886
**''Sanderia malayensis'' Goette 1886
**''Sanderia pampinosus'' Gershwin & Zeidler 2008

 
{|
| [[Image:Colorata.jpg|thumb|left|''Chrysaora colorata'' (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]]'''
| [[Image:Fuscescens.JPG|thumb|left|226x171px|''Chrysaora fuscescens'' Brandt 1835 Monterey Bay Aquarium]]
| [[Image:Lactea.jpg|thumb|left|''Chrysaora lactea'' Eschscholtz 1829 Cananeia county, Brazil]]
| [[Image:Quinquecirrha.jpg|thumb|left|''Chrysaora quinquecirrha'' (Desor 1848) Bahrain]]
|}
{|
| [[Image:PelagiaNoctiluca6704.JPG|thumb|left|''Pelagia noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775) New Zealand]]
More [[Pelagia]] images here.
|}
 
 

=== [[Phacellophoridae]] Straehler-Pohl, Widmer, & Morandini 2011 ===
*''Phacellophora'' Brandt 1835
**''Phacellophora camtschatica'' Brandt 1838 *

=== [[Ulmaridae]] Haeckel 1879 ===

*''[[Aurelia]]'' Péron & Lesueur 1810
**''Aurelia aurita'' (Linné 1758) * - N. Europe (D), NE USA (D)
**''Aurelia coerulea'' von Lendenfeld 1884
**''Aurelia colpota'' Brandt 1838
**''Aurelia labiata'' Chamisso & Eysenhardt 1821
**''Aurelia limbata'' (Brandt 1835) - molecular "LIM"
**''Aurelia maldivensis'' Bigelow 1904
**''Aurelia solida'' Browne 1905
**''Aurelia'' sp. 1 (morphological, molecular)
**''Aurelia'' sp. 2 (molecular)
**''Aurelia'' sp. 3 (morphological, molecular)
**''Aurelia'' sp. 4 (morphological, molecular)
**''Aurelia'' sp. 5 (molecular)
**''Aurelia'' sp. 6 (morphological, molecular)
**''Aurelia'' sp. 7 (molecular)
**''Aurelia'' sp. 8 (molecular)
**''Aurelia'' sp. 9 (molecular)
**''Aurelia'' sp. 10 (molecular) cf. limbata
**''Aurelia'' sp. 11 (molecular)

 
{|
| [[Image:AureliaSp1 LongBeach.jpg|thumb|left|''Aurelia'' sp.1 Long Beach, California, USA]]
| [[Image:Aurelia sp3.jpg|thumb|left|''Aurelia'' sp.3 Lake Tketau, Mecherchar, Palau]]
| [[Image:Aurelia sp4.jpg|thumb|left|''Aurelia'' sp.4 Big Jellyfish Lake, Koror, Palau]]
| [[Image:Aurelia Kwajalein.jpg|thumb|left|''Aurelia'' sp.11 Kwajalein, Marshall Islands]]
|}

 
*''Aurosa'' Haeckel 1880
**''Aurosa furcata'' Haeckel 1880 *
*''Deepstaria'' Russell 1967
**''Deepstaria enigmatica'' Russell 1967 *
**''Deepstaria reticulum'' Larson, Madin & Harbison, 1988
*''Discomedusa'' Claus 1877
**''[[Discomedusa lobata]]'' Claus 1877 *
**''Discomedusa philippina'' Mayer 1910
**''Discomedusa'' sp. Moore 1949
*''Diplulmaris'' Maas 1908
**''Diplulmaris antarctica'' Maas 1908 *
**''Diplulmaris malayensis'' Stiasny 1935
*''Floresca'' Haeckel 1880
**''Floresca parthenia'' Haeckel 1880 *
*''Parumbrosa'' Kishinouye 1910
**''Parumbrosa polylobata'' Kishinouye 1910 *
*''Poralia'' Vanhöffen 1902
**''Poralia rufescens'' Vanhöffen 1902 *
*''Stellamedusa'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004
**''Stellamedusa ventana'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 *
*''Sthenonia'' Eschscholtz 1829
**''Sthenonia albida'' Eschscholtz 1829 *
*''Stygiomedusa'' Russell 1959
**''[[Stygiomedusa gigantea]]'' (Browne 1910) *
*''Tiburonia'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003
**''Tiburonia granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 *
*''Ulmaris'' Haeckel 1880
**''Ulmaris prototypus'' Haeckel 1880 *
**''Ulmaris snelliusi'' Stiasny 1935 - Please see Zoo Bank [http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm] for more information.

 
{|
| [[Image:Camtschatica.JPG|thumb|left|''Phacellophora camtschatica'' Brandt 1838]]
| [[Image:Stella3f 350.jpg|thumb|left|''Stellamedusa ventana'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004]]
|}
{|
| [[Image:Tib_granrojo1.jpg|thumb|left|''Tiburonia granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003]]
| [[Image:Tib_granrojo2.jpg|thumb|center|''Tiburonia granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003]]
|}
''Tiburonia'' photographs courtesy of Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute 
More ''[[Stellamedusa]]'' images here. See also [http://www.mbari.org/news/news_releases/2004/stellamedusa.html MBARI ''S. ventana''] for more information.

 
''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini, F. Pagès. Update pending.''

 

[[Category:Scyphozoa]]

Featured Articles

2011-10-22T04:02:19Z

2011-10-22T03:30:38Z

Mdawson: Undo revision 1492 by Kinectgame (Talk)

[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]]

== Our Aim ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa.
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.

== About ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). [http://www.esenzendya.com/ Search Engine Optimization Consultant] [http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html Link Building Service] [http://www.987mb.com Cheap Web Hosting] [http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com Link Building Service] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds [http://www.mycaal.com loan modification] to present historical and modern knowledge, in [http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ clovis carpet cleaning] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and [http://www.proposable.com proposal software] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic [http://www.bestpills4weightloss.comtop weight loss pills] group.

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== History ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was [http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/Agora Gallery] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and [http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html vending machines] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal [http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography how to use iphone camera] to project websites.''' '''

== The Scope ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/church management software] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, [http://www.diamondlinks.net/ link building] and environment.

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