Rhizostomeae: Difference between revisions

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Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without marginal tentacles; without a central mouth opening, but with numerous mouths upon eight adradial, fleshy, branched, arm-like appendages arising from the centre of the subumbrella; with rhopalia between marginal clefts.<br>  
Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without marginal tentacles; without a central mouth opening, but with numerous mouths upon eight adradial, fleshy, branched, arm-like appendages arising from the centre of the subumbrella; with rhopalia between marginal clefts.<br>  


== Rhizostomeae Species ==
== Rhizostomeae Species ==


Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp; Cornelius (1999)  
Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp; Cornelius (1999)  
Line 12: Line 12:
'''Key:'''  
'''Key:'''  


'''Family (8)'''
'''Family (8)'''  


*Genus (26)
*Genus (26)  
**Species (94) [91 morphological + 3 molecular]<br>
**Species (94) [91 morphological + 3 molecular]<br>


<br>  
<br>  


=== [[Cassiopeidae]]  ===
=== [[Cassiopeidae|Cassiopeidae[[Image:Cass xamachana.jpg|thumb|right|Cassiopea andromeda  (Forskål 1775)]]]]  ===
 
(L. Agassiz 1862)  
(L. Agassiz 1862)  


*''Cassiopea'' (Péron & Lesueur 1810) [[Image:Cass xamachana.jpg|thumb|right|Cassiopea andromeda  (Forskål 1775)]]
*''Cassiopea'' (Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810)&nbsp;
**''andromeda'' (Forskål 1775, Bermuda (D); Hawaii (D, M); Florida (D), Red Sea (D))  
**''andromeda'' ('''pictured''', Forskål 1775, Bermuda (D); Hawaii (D, M); Florida (D), Red Sea (D))  
**''depressa'' (Haeckel 1880)  
**''depressa'' (Haeckel 1880)  
**''frondosa'' (Pallas 1774, Florida (D), Panama (D))
**''frondosa'' (Pallas 1774, Florida (D), Panama (D))  
**''medusa'' (Light 1914)  
**''medusa'' (Light 1914)  
**''mertensi'' (Brandt 1838)  
**''mertensi'' (Brandt 1838)  
**''ndrosia'' (Agassiz & Mayer 1899)  
**''ndrosia'' (Agassiz &amp; Mayer 1899)  
**''ornata'' (Haeckel 1880, Fiji (D), Kakaban (D, M), Palau (D, M))  
**''ornata'' (Haeckel 1880, Fiji (D), Kakaban (D, M), Palau (D, M))  
**''picta'' (Vanhöffen 1888)  
**''picta'' (Vanhöffen 1888)  
Line 36: Line 37:
**sp. 3 (Holland et al. 2004; Hawaii (D, M), New Guinea (D))
**sp. 3 (Holland et al. 2004; Hawaii (D, M), New Guinea (D))


=== [[Catostylidae|[[Image:Acromitus flag0.JPG|thumb|right|224x146px|Acromitus flagellatus (Maas 1903)]]]][[Catostylidae]]  ===


=== [[Catostylidae]]  ===
(Gegenbaur 1857)  
(Gegenbaur 1857)  


*''Acromitoides''(Stiasny 1921)  
*''Acromitoides''(Stiasny 1921)  
**''purpurus'' (Mayer 1910)  
**''purpurus'' (Mayer 1910)  
**''stiphropterus'' (Schultze 1897)
**''stiphropterus'' (Schultze 1897)  
*''[[Acromitus]]'' (Light 1914) [[Image:Acromitus flag0.JPG|thumb|right|Acromitus flagellatus (Maas 1903)]][[Image:Acromitus flag1.JPG|thumb|right|Acromitus flagellatus (Maas 1903)]][[Image:CatostylusMosaicus blue.JPG|thumb|right|Catostylus mosaicus (Quoy & Gaimard 1824)]]
*''[[Acromitus]]'' (Light 1914) [[Image:Acromitus flag1.JPG|thumb|right|112x205px|Acromitus flagellatus (Maas 1903)]][[Image:CatostylusMosaicus blue.JPG|thumb|right|Catostylus mosaicus (Quoy & Gaimard 1824)]]  
**''flagellatus'' ('''pictured''', Maas 1903, Taiwan (D))
**''flagellatus'' ('''pictured''', Maas 1903, Taiwan (D))  
**''hardenbergi'' (Stiasny 1934)  
**''hardenbergi'' (Stiasny 1934)  
**''maculosus'' (Light 1914)*  
**''maculosus'' (Light 1914)*  
**''rabanchatu'' (Annandale 1915)  
**''rabanchatu'' (Annandale 1915)  
**''tankahkeei'' (Light 1924)  
**''tankahkeei'' (Light 1924)  
*''[[Catostylus]]'' (L. Agassiz 1862)
*''[[Catostylus]]'' (L. Agassiz 1862)  
**''cruciatus'' (Lesson 1830)
**''cruciatus'' (Lesson 1830)  
**''mosaicus'' ('''pictured''', Quoy & Gaimard 1824*, Queensland (D), New South Wales (D, M), Tasmania (D, M), Victoria (D, M))  
**''mosaicus'' ('''pictured''', Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824*, Queensland (D), New South Wales (D, M), Tasmania (D, M), Victoria (D, M))  
**''ornatellus'' (Vanhöffen 1888)  
**''ornatellus'' (Vanhöffen 1888)  
**''ouwensi'' (Moestafa & McConnaughey 1966)
**''ouwensi'' (Moestafa &amp; McConnaughey 1966)  
**''perezi'' (Ranson 1945)  
**''perezi'' (Ranson 1945)  
**''tagi'' ('''pictured''', Haeckel 1869)
**''tagi'' (Haeckel 1869)  
**''townsendi'' ('''pictured''', Mayer 1915, Taiwan (D))  
**''townsendi'' ('''pictured''', Mayer 1915, Taiwan (D))  
**''tripterus'' (Haeckel 1880)  
**''tripterus'' (Haeckel 1880)  
**''turgescens'' (Schultze 1911)
**''turgescens'' (Schultze 1911)  
**''viridescens'' (Chun 1896)
**''viridescens'' (Chun 1896)  
*''Crambione'' (Maas 1903)  
*''Crambione'' (Maas 1903)  
**''bartschi'' (Mayer 1910)
**''bartschi'' (Mayer 1910)  
**''cooki'' (Mayer 1910)
**''cooki'' (Mayer 1910)  
**''mastigophora'' ('''pictured''', Maas 1903)*
**''mastigophora'' ('''pictured''', Maas 1903)*  
*''[[Crambionella]]'' (Stiasny 1921)  
*''[[Crambionella]]'' (Stiasny 1921)  
[[Image:CatostylusMosaicus brn.jpg|thumb|right|Catostylus mosaicus (Quoy & Gaimard 1824)]]
**''annandalei'' (Rao 1931)  
**''annandalei'' (Rao 1931)  
**''orsini'' ('''pictured''', Vanhöffen 1888, Persian Gulf (D))*  
**''orsini'' ('''pictured''', Vanhöffen 1888, Persian Gulf (D))*  
**''stuhlmanni'' (Chun 1896)
**''stuhlmanni'' (Chun 1896)  
*''Leptobrachia'' (Brandt 1838)  
*''Leptobrachia'' (Brandt 1838)  
**''leptopus'' (Chamisso & Eysenhardt 1821)*
**''leptopus'' (Chamisso &amp; Eysenhardt 1821)*<br>
 
[[Image:CatostylusMosaicus brn.jpg|thumb|right|Catostylus mosaicus (Quoy & Gaimard 1824)]]


=== [[Cepheidae|Cepheidae[[Image:Catostylus town.jpg|thumb|right|Catostylus townsendi Mayer 1915]]]]  ===


=== [[Cepheidae]] ===
(L. Agassiz 1862)  
(L. Agassiz 1862)  


*''Cephea'' (Péron & Lesueur 1810)  
*''Cephea'' (Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810)  
**''cephea'' ('''pictured''', Forskål 1775, Palau (D), Kwajalein (D))  
**''cephea'' ('''pictured''', Forskål 1775, Palau (D), Kwajalein (D))  
**''coerulea'' (Vanhöffen 1902)
**''coerulea'' (Vanhöffen 1902)  
**''conifera'' (Haeckel 1880)
**''conifera'' (Haeckel 1880)  
**''octostyla'' (Forskål 1775)*  
**''octostyla'' (Forskål 1775)*  
**sp. (Mayer 1915)  
**sp. (Mayer 1915)  
**sp. (Stiasny 1937)  
**sp. (Stiasny 1937)  
**sp. (Kramp 1958)[[Image:Catostylus town.jpg|thumb|right|Catostylus townsendi Mayer 1915]]
**sp. (Kramp 1958)  
*''Cotylorhiza'' (L. Agassiz 1862)  
*''Cotylorhiza'' (L. Agassiz 1862)  
**''ambulacrata'' (Haeckel 1880)  
**''ambulacrata'' (Haeckel 1880)  
**''erythraea'' (Stiasny 1920)  
**''erythraea'' (Stiasny 1920)  
**''pacifica'' (Mayer 1915)
**''pacifica'' (Mayer 1915)  
**''tuberculata'' ('''pictured''', Macri 1778)*
**''tuberculata'' ('''pictured''', Macri 1778)*  
*''Netrostoma'' (L.S. Schultze 1898)
*''Netrostoma'' (L.S. Schultze 1898)  
**''coerulescens'' (Maas 1903)  
**''coerulescens'' (Maas 1903)  
**''dumokuroa'' (Agassiz & Mayer 1899)
**''dumokuroa'' (Agassiz &amp; Mayer 1899)  
**''setouchianum'' (Kishinouye 1902)
**''setouchianum'' (Kishinouye 1902)  
**''typhlodendrium'' (L.S. Schultze 1898)*
**''typhlodendrium'' (L.S. Schultze 1898)*  
*''Polyrhiza'' (L. Agassiz 1862)
*''Polyrhiza'' (L. Agassiz 1862)  
**''vesiculosa'' (Ehrenberg 1835)*
**''vesiculosa'' (Ehrenberg 1835)*


=== Lychnorhizidae ===
=== Lychnorhizidae ===
 
(Haeckel 1880)  
(Haeckel 1880)  


*''Anomalorhiza'' (Light 1921)  
*''Anomalorhiza'' (Light 1921)  
**''shawi'' (Light 1921, Philippines (D, M))*
**''shawi'' (Light 1921, Philippines (D, M))*  
*''Lychnorhiza'' (Haeckel 1880)  
*''Lychnorhiza'' (Haeckel 1880)  
**''arubae'' (Stiasny 1920)  
**''arubae'' (Stiasny 1920)  
**''lucerna'' ('''pictured''', Haeckel 1880)  
**''lucerna'' ('''pictured''', Haeckel 1880)  
**''malayensis'' (Stiasny 1920)
**''malayensis'' (Stiasny 1920)  
*''Pseudorhiza'' (von Lendenfeld 1882)
*''Pseudorhiza'' (von Lendenfeld 1882)  
**''aurosa'' (von Lendenfeld 1882 *)
**''aurosa'' (von Lendenfeld 1882 *)  
**''haeckeli'' (Haacke 1884)
**''haeckeli'' (Haacke 1884)


=== Lobonematidae  ===
=== Lobonematidae  ===
(Stiasny 1921)
 
*''Lobonema'' (Mayer 1910)
(Stiasny 1921)  
 
*''Lobonema'' (Mayer 1910)  
**''mayeri'' (Light 1914)  
**''mayeri'' (Light 1914)  
**''smithi'' (Mayer 1910)*
**''smithi'' (Mayer 1910)*  
*''Lobonemoides'' (Light 1914)  
*''Lobonemoides'' (Light 1914)  
**''gracilis'' (Light 1914)*
**''gracilis'' (Light 1914)*  
**''robustus'' (Stiasny 1920)
**''robustus'' (Stiasny 1920)  
**''sewelli'' (Rao 1931)
**''sewelli'' (Rao 1931)


=== [[Mastigiidae]]  ===
=== [[Mastigiidae]]  ===
(Stiasny 1921)  
(Stiasny 1921)  


*''[[Mastigias]]'' (L. Agassiz 1862)  
*''[[Mastigias]]'' (L. Agassiz 1862)  
**''albipunctatus'' (Stiasny 1920)
**''albipunctatus'' (Stiasny 1920)  
**''andersoni'' (Stiasny 1926)
**''andersoni'' (Stiasny 1926)  
**''gracilis'' (Vanhöffen 1888)  
**''gracilis'' (Vanhöffen 1888)  
**''ocellatus'' (Modeer 1791)
**''ocellatus'' (Modeer 1791)  
**''pantherinus'' (Haeckel 1880)  
**''pantherinus'' (Haeckel 1880)  
**''papua'' ('''pictured''', Lesson 1830, Berau (D, M), Japan (D, M), Palau (D, M))*
**''papua'' ('''pictured''', Lesson 1830, Berau (D, M), Japan (D, M), Palau (D, M))*  
**''roseus'' (Reynaud 1830)
**''roseus'' (Reynaud 1830)  
**''siderea'' (Chun 1896)  
**''siderea'' (Chun 1896)  
**sp. (Rao 1931)
**sp. (Rao 1931)  
*''Mastigietta'' (Stiasny 1921)  
*''Mastigietta'' (Stiasny 1921)  
**''palmipes'' (Haeckel 1880)*
**''palmipes'' (Haeckel 1880)*  
*''Phyllorhiza'' (L. Agassiz 1862)
*''Phyllorhiza'' (L. Agassiz 1862)  
**''luzoni'' (Mayer 1915)  
**''luzoni'' (Mayer 1915)  
**''pacifica'' (Light 1921)  
**''pacifica'' (Light 1921)  
Line 142: Line 153:
**''punctata'' ('''pictured''', von Lendenfeld 1884)*
**''punctata'' ('''pictured''', von Lendenfeld 1884)*


*''Thysanostoma'' (L. Agassiz 1862)
*''Thysanostoma'' (L. Agassiz 1862)  
**''flagellatum'' (Haeckel 1880)  
**''flagellatum'' (Haeckel 1880)  
**''loriferum'' (Ehrenberg 1835)
**''loriferum'' (Ehrenberg 1835)  
**''thysanura'' ('''pictured''', Haeckel 1880, Palau (D))*
**''thysanura'' ('''pictured''', Haeckel 1880, Palau (D))*  
*''Versuriga'' (Kramp 1961)  
*''Versuriga'' (Kramp 1961)  
**''anadyomene'' ('''pictured''', Maas 1903, Palau (D)) *
**''anadyomene'' ('''pictured''', Maas 1903, Palau (D)) *


=== Rhizostomatidae  ===
=== Rhizostomatidae  ===
(Cuvier 1799)  
(Cuvier 1799)  


*Eupilema (Haeckel 1880)  
*Eupilema (Haeckel 1880)  
**''inexpectata'' (Pages Gili & Bouillon 1992)  
**''inexpectata'' (Pages Gili &amp; Bouillon 1992)  
**''scapulare'' (Haeckel 1880)*
**''scapulare'' (Haeckel 1880)*  
*''Nemopilema'' (Kishinouye 1922)  
*''Nemopilema'' (Kishinouye 1922)  
**''nomurai'' ('''pictured''', Kishinouye 1922)*
**''nomurai'' ('''pictured''', Kishinouye 1922)*  
*''Rhizostoma'' (Cuvier 1799)  
*''Rhizostoma'' (Cuvier 1799)  
**''luteum'' (Quoy & Gaimard 1827)  
**''luteum'' (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1827)  
**''Octopus'' (Macri 1778)  
**''Octopus'' (Macri 1778)  
**''pulmo'' (Macri 1778)*
**''pulmo'' (Macri 1778)*  
*''Rhopilema'' (Haeckel 1880)
*''Rhopilema'' (Haeckel 1880)  
**''esculentum'' ('''pictured''', Kishinouye 1891, China (D, M))  
**''esculentum'' ('''pictured''', Kishinouye 1891, China (D, M))  
**''hispidum'' (Vanhöffen 1888)  
**''hispidum'' (Vanhöffen 1888)  
**''nomadica'' (Galil, Spanier & Ferguson 1990)  
**''nomadica'' (Galil, Spanier &amp; Ferguson 1990)  
**''rhopalophorum'' (Haeckel 1880)*  
**''rhopalophorum'' (Haeckel 1880)*  
**''verrilli'' (Fewkes 1887)
**''verrilli'' (Fewkes 1887)


=== Stomolophidae  ===
=== Stomolophidae  ===
(Haeckel 1880)  
(Haeckel 1880)  


*''Stomolophus'' (L. Agassiz 1862)  
*''Stomolophus'' (L. Agassiz 1862)  
**''fritillarius'' (Haeckel 1880)
**''fritillarius'' (Haeckel 1880)  
**''meleagris'' (L. Agassiz 1862)*
**''meleagris'' (L. Agassiz 1862)*


Revision as of 15:18, 4 February 2010

  • Order Rhizostomeae (Cuvier 1799)
  • Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without marginal tentacles; without a central mouth opening, but with numerous mouths upon eight adradial, fleshy, branched, arm-like appendages arising from the centre of the subumbrella; with rhopalia between marginal clefts.

Rhizostomeae Species

Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan & Cornelius (1999)

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA, Type = *

Key:

Family (8)

  • Genus (26)
    • Species (94) [91 morphological + 3 molecular]


[[Cassiopeidae|Cassiopeidae
Cassiopea andromeda (Forskål 1775)
]]

(L. Agassiz 1862)

  • Cassiopea (Péron & Lesueur 1810) 
    • andromeda (pictured, Forskål 1775, Bermuda (D); Hawaii (D, M); Florida (D), Red Sea (D))
    • depressa (Haeckel 1880)
    • frondosa (Pallas 1774, Florida (D), Panama (D))
    • medusa (Light 1914)
    • mertensi (Brandt 1838)
    • ndrosia (Agassiz & Mayer 1899)
    • ornata (Haeckel 1880, Fiji (D), Kakaban (D, M), Palau (D, M))
    • picta (Vanhöffen 1888)
    • vanderhorsti (Stiasny 1922)
    • sp. 1 (Holland et al. 2004; Queensland (D))
    • sp. 2 (Holland et al. 2004; New Guinea (D))
    • sp. 3 (Holland et al. 2004; Hawaii (D, M), New Guinea (D))

[[Catostylidae|
Acromitus flagellatus (Maas 1903)
]]Catostylidae

(Gegenbaur 1857)

  • Acromitoides(Stiasny 1921)
    • purpurus (Mayer 1910)
    • stiphropterus (Schultze 1897)
  • Acromitus (Light 1914)
    Acromitus flagellatus (Maas 1903)
    Catostylus mosaicus (Quoy & Gaimard 1824)
    • flagellatus (pictured, Maas 1903, Taiwan (D))
    • hardenbergi (Stiasny 1934)
    • maculosus (Light 1914)*
    • rabanchatu (Annandale 1915)
    • tankahkeei (Light 1924)
  • Catostylus (L. Agassiz 1862)
    • cruciatus (Lesson 1830)
    • mosaicus (pictured, Quoy & Gaimard 1824*, Queensland (D), New South Wales (D, M), Tasmania (D, M), Victoria (D, M))
    • ornatellus (Vanhöffen 1888)
    • ouwensi (Moestafa & McConnaughey 1966)
    • perezi (Ranson 1945)
    • tagi (Haeckel 1869)
    • townsendi (pictured, Mayer 1915, Taiwan (D))
    • tripterus (Haeckel 1880)
    • turgescens (Schultze 1911)
    • viridescens (Chun 1896)
  • Crambione (Maas 1903)
    • bartschi (Mayer 1910)
    • cooki (Mayer 1910)
    • mastigophora (pictured, Maas 1903)*
  • Crambionella (Stiasny 1921)
Catostylus mosaicus (Quoy & Gaimard 1824)



    • annandalei (Rao 1931)


    • orsini (pictured, Vanhöffen 1888, Persian Gulf (D))*
    • stuhlmanni (Chun 1896)
  • Leptobrachia (Brandt 1838)
    • leptopus (Chamisso & Eysenhardt 1821)*

[[Cepheidae|Cepheidae
Catostylus townsendi Mayer 1915
]]

(L. Agassiz 1862)

  • Cephea (Péron & Lesueur 1810)
    • cephea (pictured, Forskål 1775, Palau (D), Kwajalein (D))
    • coerulea (Vanhöffen 1902)
    • conifera (Haeckel 1880)
    • octostyla (Forskål 1775)*
    • sp. (Mayer 1915)
    • sp. (Stiasny 1937)
    • sp. (Kramp 1958)
  • Cotylorhiza (L. Agassiz 1862)
    • ambulacrata (Haeckel 1880)
    • erythraea (Stiasny 1920)
    • pacifica (Mayer 1915)
    • tuberculata (pictured, Macri 1778)*
  • Netrostoma (L.S. Schultze 1898)
    • coerulescens (Maas 1903)
    • dumokuroa (Agassiz & Mayer 1899)
    • setouchianum (Kishinouye 1902)
    • typhlodendrium (L.S. Schultze 1898)*
  • Polyrhiza (L. Agassiz 1862)
    • vesiculosa (Ehrenberg 1835)*

Lychnorhizidae

(Haeckel 1880)

  • Anomalorhiza (Light 1921)
    • shawi (Light 1921, Philippines (D, M))*
  • Lychnorhiza (Haeckel 1880)
    • arubae (Stiasny 1920)
    • lucerna (pictured, Haeckel 1880)
    • malayensis (Stiasny 1920)
  • Pseudorhiza (von Lendenfeld 1882)
    • aurosa (von Lendenfeld 1882 *)
    • haeckeli (Haacke 1884)

Lobonematidae

(Stiasny 1921)

  • Lobonema (Mayer 1910)
    • mayeri (Light 1914)
    • smithi (Mayer 1910)*
  • Lobonemoides (Light 1914)
    • gracilis (Light 1914)*
    • robustus (Stiasny 1920)
    • sewelli (Rao 1931)

Mastigiidae

(Stiasny 1921)

  • Mastigias (L. Agassiz 1862)
    • albipunctatus (Stiasny 1920)
    • andersoni (Stiasny 1926)
    • gracilis (Vanhöffen 1888)
    • ocellatus (Modeer 1791)
    • pantherinus (Haeckel 1880)
    • papua (pictured, Lesson 1830, Berau (D, M), Japan (D, M), Palau (D, M))*
    • roseus (Reynaud 1830)
    • siderea (Chun 1896)
    • sp. (Rao 1931)
  • Mastigietta (Stiasny 1921)
    • palmipes (Haeckel 1880)*
  • Phyllorhiza (L. Agassiz 1862)
    • luzoni (Mayer 1915)
    • pacifica (Light 1921)
    • peronlesueuri (Goy 1990)
    • punctata (pictured, von Lendenfeld 1884)*
  • Thysanostoma (L. Agassiz 1862)
    • flagellatum (Haeckel 1880)
    • loriferum (Ehrenberg 1835)
    • thysanura (pictured, Haeckel 1880, Palau (D))*
  • Versuriga (Kramp 1961)
    • anadyomene (pictured, Maas 1903, Palau (D)) *

Rhizostomatidae

(Cuvier 1799)

  • Eupilema (Haeckel 1880)
    • inexpectata (Pages Gili & Bouillon 1992)
    • scapulare (Haeckel 1880)*
  • Nemopilema (Kishinouye 1922)
    • nomurai (pictured, Kishinouye 1922)*
  • Rhizostoma (Cuvier 1799)
    • luteum (Quoy & Gaimard 1827)
    • Octopus (Macri 1778)
    • pulmo (Macri 1778)*
  • Rhopilema (Haeckel 1880)
    • esculentum (pictured, Kishinouye 1891, China (D, M))
    • hispidum (Vanhöffen 1888)
    • nomadica (Galil, Spanier & Ferguson 1990)
    • rhopalophorum (Haeckel 1880)*
    • verrilli (Fewkes 1887)

Stomolophidae

(Haeckel 1880)

  • Stomolophus (L. Agassiz 1862)
    • fritillarius (Haeckel 1880)
    • meleagris (L. Agassiz 1862)*


See Zoo Bank ([1]) for more information.

Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini. Update pending.

Retrieved from "http://scyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/w/index.php?title=Rhizostomeae&oldid=811"